ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with diameter ≤ 5 mm. Methods The clinical data of 259 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who had underwent radical thyroidectomy from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the preoperative tumor diameter: ＞5 mm group (88 cases) and ≤ 5 mm group (171 cases); then according to the lymph node metastasis, the 2 groups were divided into non-lymph node metastasis sub-group and lymph node metastasis sub-group. The reason of lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Results There were no statistical difference in gender composition, age and combined Hashimoto thyroiditis rate between ＞5 mm group and≤5 mm group (P＞0.05). The rates of T3-4 stage, N1a-1b stage and multifocal tumors in＞5 mm group were significantly higher than those in ≤ 5 mm group: 34.1% (30/88) vs. 18.7% (32/171), 45.5% (40/88) vs. 22.8% (39/171) and 39.8% (35/88) vs. 22.8% (39/171), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05 or＜0.01). In＞5 mm group, lymph node metastasis sub-group had 40 cases, non-lymph node metastasis sub-group had 48 cases; the rate of T3-4 stage in lymph node metastasis sub-group was significantly higher than that in non-lymph node metastasis sub-group: 55.0% (22/40) vs. 16.7% (8/48), and there was statistical difference (P＜0.01). In≤5 mm group, lymph node metastasis sub-group had 39 cases, and non-lymph node metastasis sub-group had 132 cases; the rate of T3-4 stage in lymph node metastasis sub-group was significantly higher than that in non-lymph node metastasis sub-group:51.3% (20/39) vs. 9.1% (12/132), and there was statistical difference (P＜0.01). In＞5 mm group and≤5 mm group, there were no statistical difference in gender composition, age, combined Hashimoto thyroiditis rate and multifocal tumors rate between 2 sub-groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions The clinical behavior of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with diameter ≤ 5 mm has a less aggressive nature compared to that＞5 mm. Tumor capsular invasion or extra thyroidal extension has a great influence on lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma of different diameter.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biomechanical characteristics of Ni-Ti shape-memory alloy-enclosed interlocking intramedular nail Ni-Ti En for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six transverse fractures were induced in 6 fresh humeral shafts and fixed with Ni-Ti En, plate, interlocking intramedullary nail, and Ender nail, respectively. The specimens then underwent stress analysis for comparison of the bending strength, twisting force, and flexibility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bending strength of Ni-Ti En was not significantly different from that of the plate and better than ender's nail; the twisting force of the interlocking intramedullary nail was comparable with the plate, but better than Ender nail.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ni-Ti Enpossess good biomechanical property to meet the demand of osteosynthesis, and its less stress protection, freedom of distant nail locking, flexibility and stable fixation may accelerate fracture healing.</p>